Abbreviations
A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P R S T U V W X Z
A top
AAAL: American Association for Applied Linguistics
ACCOR: a language corpus
ACH: Association for Computing in the Humanities
ACL: Association for Computational Linguistics
ACL/DCI: Association for Computational Linguistics' Data Collection Initiative
ADPCM: adaptive differential pulse-code modulation (PCM)
AI: Artificial Intelligence
AI: Articulation Index
ALBAYZIN: a language corpus
ALE: Attribute-Logic Engine
ALLC: Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing
AM: acoustic model
ANDOSL: Australian National Database of Spoken Language
ANN: artificial neural network, also NN
AR: autoregressive (model)
ARPA: Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.), predecessor of DARPA
ARS: a language corpus
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASR: automatic speech recognition
ASSP: acoustics speech and signal processing
ASV: Automatic Speaker Verification
ATIS: Air Travel Information Service (task)
ATLAS II: Japanese-English translation system by Fujitsu
ATM: asynchronous transfer mode
ATR: a language corpus
B top
BMFT: Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technik, German Federal Ministry for Research and Technology
BNC: British National Corpus
bps: bits per second
BRA: Basic Research Actions
BRAMSHILL: a language corpus
BREF: a language corpus
C top
C0: first cepstral coefficient
CAD: Computer-Assisted (or -Aided) Design
CADCAM: Computer-Assisted Design / Computer-Assisted Manufacture
CALL: computer-assisted language learning
CAR: a language corpus
CART: Classification and Regression Tree
CCG: combinatory categorial grammar
CD-ROM: compact disk-read-only memory
CELP: code-excited linear prediction
CFE: Caterpillar Fundamental English
CFG: context-free grammar
CG: categorial grammar
CKY: Cocke, Kasami, and Younger (algorithm)
CL: controlled language
CL: computational linguistics
CLAWS: Constituent-Likelihood Automatic Word-Tagging System
CLE: core language engine
CLIR: cross-language information retrieval
CLR: Consortium for Lexical Research
CMN: cepstral mean normalization
CMU: Carnegie Mellon University
COLIBRI: Newsletter and WWW-site on language and speech technology and logic
CPU: central processing unit (of a computer)
CSC: character shape code
CSLU: Center for Spoken Language Understanding
CSR: continuous speech recognition
C-STAR: Consortium for Speech TrAnslation Research
CUG: categorial unification grammar
CV: consonant-vowel phoneme sequence
CVC: consonant-vowel-consonant phoneme sequence
D top
DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.), successor to ARPA
dB: deciBel
DBMS: data base management system
DBMT: dialogue-based machine translation (MT)
DCG: definite clause grammar
DG: dependency grammar
DK: Dansk Korpus
DoD: Department of Defense (U.S.)
DP: dynamic programming
DPCM: differential pulse-code modulation (PCM)
dpi: dots per inch (resolution quality)
DRT: discourse representation theory
DSP: digital signal processing
DTW: dynamic time warping
E top
EACL: European Chapter of the ACL
EAGLES: Expert Advisory Group on Linguistic Engineering Standards
EAMT: European Association for Machine Translation
EBMT: example-based machine translation (MT)
ECI: European Corpus Initiative
EDI: electronic data interchange
EDR: electronic dictionary research
ELRA: European Language Resources Association
ELSNET: European Network In Language And Speech
EM: expectation maximization algorithm
EM: estimate-maximize
EMIR: European Multilingual Information Retrieval
ESCA: European Speech Communication Association
ESPRIT: European Strategic Programme for Research and Development in Information Technology
ETL: Electrotechnical Laboratory (Japan)
F top
F0: Fundamental Frequency
FIR: finite impulse response filter
FOPC: first order predicate calculus
FSA: finite state automaton
FSM: finite state machine
FST: finite state transducer
FUF: functional unification grammar framework
FFT: Fast Fourier Transform
FUG: functional unification grammar
G top
GB Theory / Minimalism: Government and Binding Theory / Minimalist Framework
GIST: Generating InStructional Text
GPD: generalized probabilistic descent
GPSG: generalized phrase structure grammar
H top
HAMT: human-aided machine translation (MT)
HCI: human-computer interaction
HG: head grammar
HLT: human language technology
HMM: hidden Markov model
HPSG: head-driven phrase-structure grammar
Hz: Hertz (cycles per second)
I top
ICAME: International Computer Archive of Modern English
ICASSP: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
ICCL: International Committee of Computational Linguistics
ICR: intelligent character recognition
ICSLP: International Conference on Spoken Language Processing
IDS: Institut für deutsche Sprache
IIR: infinite impulse response filter
ILC-CNR: Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale
ILSAM: International Language for Serving and Maintenance
INaLF-CNRS: Frantext of Institut National de la Langue Francaise
INL: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie
Interlingua: language independent semantic representation
IPA: International Phonetic Alphabet
IR: information retrieval
ISCA: International Speech Communication Association
ISDN: integrated services digital network
ISO: International Standards Organization
IST: Information Society Technologies
IVR: Interactive Voice Response
J top
JEIDA: Japan Electronic Industry Development Association
J-RASTA: Relative Spectra PLP with Jah smoothing
JSAPI: Java Speech API
JSGF: Java Speech Grammar Format
JSML: Java Speech Markup Language
L top
LC: Lambek Calculus
LC: language checking
LCD: liquid crystal display
LDA: linear discriminant analysis
LDC: Linguistic Data Consortium
LD-CELP: low-delay code-excited linear prediction (CELP)
LE: Language Engineering
LE-MLAP: Language Engineering Multilingual Action Plan
LFG: lexical-Functional grammar
LIG: linear indexed grammar
LKB: lexical knowledge base
LM: language model
LPC: linear predictive coding
LR: Left-to-right scanning, rightmost derivation parsing
LRE: Linguistic Research and Engineering
LT: language technology
LV-CSR: large vocabulary continuous speech recognition
M top
MAHT: Machine-Aided Human Translation, see also HAMT
MAP: maximum a-posteriori probability
MAR: multivariate auto-regression (AR)
MAT: machine-assisted translation
METEO: Canadian meteorological bulletin translator
MFCC: mel-frequency cepstral coefficient
MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MITalk: Dennis Klatt's MIT speech synthesizer
ML: machine learning
MLDB: multilingual lexical data base
MLP: multi-layer perceptron (ANN)
MMSE: minimum mean square error
MMSEE: minimum mean square error estimator
MOS: mean opinion score/scoring
MRD: machine-readable dictionary
MSR: multiple split regression
MT: machine translation
MTDB: multilingual terminological data base
MUC: Message Understanding Conference
N top
NE: named entity
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
NL: natural language
NLG: natural language generation
NLI: natural language interface
NLP: natural language processing
NLU: natural language understanding
O top
OCR: optical character recognition
OGI: Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology
OGI TS: OGI Multilanguage Telephone Speech Corpus
OLAC: Open Language Archives Community
OT: Optimality Theory
P top
PACE: Perkins Approved Clear English
PAGE: A Platfrom for Advanced Grammar Engineering
PAHO: Pan American Health Organization
PCA: principal components analysis
PCFG: probabilistic context-free grammar
PCM: pulse-code modulation
PDA: personal digital assistant
PDL: page description language
PECO: Pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale
PEP: Plain English Program
PLP: perceptual linear prediction
POS Tagging: part-of-speech tagging
R top
RASTA: relative spectra perceptual linear prediction (PLP)
RELATOR: a language corpus
RM: Resource Management task
RPS: root power sum
RST: rhetorical structure theory
S top
SAM: Speech Technology Assessment Methodology
SAM-A: Speech Technology Assessment Methodology in Multilingual Applications
SAMPA: Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet
SAPI: Speech API
SDS: spoken dialogue systems
SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIGPHON: Special Interest Group on Computational Phonology
SLS: spoken language system
SLU: spoken language understanding
SNR: signal-to-noise ratio
SR: speech recognition, also ASR
SRI: Stanford Research Institute
SSC: speech synthesis from concept
STI: speech transmission index
SUC: Stockholm-Umea Corpus
SUNDIAL: a language corpus
SUNSTAR: a language corpus
SYSTRAN: SYSTRAN language translation system
T top
TAG: tree adjunction grammar
TDL: Type Description Language
TED: Translanguage English Database
TEI: Text Encoding Initiative
TES: Telephone Enquiry System
TFS: typed feature structure
TI: Texas Instruments
TIDE: Telematics Initiative for Disabled and Elderly people, sponsored by the European Commission
TIF: terminology interchange format
TIMIT: Texas Instruments-MIT speech corpus
TOBI: Tone and Break Indices
TKE: terminological knowledge engineering
TREC: Text Retrieval Evaluation Conference
TtS: Text-to-Speech
U top
UG: universal grammar, also: unification grammar
UKA: University of Karslruhe
USPS: U.S. Postal Service
UW: University of Washington (Seattle)
V top
VC: vowel-consonant phoneme sequence
VERBMOBIL: a european language translation project
VLSI: very large scale integration (microchip technology)
VoiceXML: Voice Extensible Markup Language
VoIP: Voice over IP
VQ: vector quantization
VXML: Voice Extensible Markup Language
W top
WOZ: Wizard of Oz (data collection method)
WSJ: Wall Street Journal corpus
WSJCAM0: Wall Street Journal, Cambridge, language corpus zero
WST: word shape token
WWB: Writer's Workbench
WWW: World Wide Web
X top
XLE: Xerox Linguistic Environment
XUNET: Xperimental University NETwork
Z top
ZIP: Zone Improvement Code (U.S. Postal Service)